The optimum salinity is found that can enhance the rock wettability toward waterwet. Nanofluids as novel alternative smart fluids for reservoir. Books with music as their main theme are hard for me to resist. The music was intended to replicate or even enhance the mindaltering experiences of the psychedelic drugs. To begin with, this issue focusses on various aspects of rock when dredging installing rock and removing rock. Cover for gas wettability of reservoir rock surfaces with porous media. The role of surfactants structure in wetting change process was reported. Rock mechanics series on rock and soil mechanics vol. Wettability refers to the interaction between fluid and solid phases.
Direct imbibition experiments to test carbonaterock wettability are occasionally prevented by high viscosity of the oil or rigid films between oil and water. Adding a chemical such as surfactant, polymer, corrosion inhibitor, or scale inhibitor can alter wettability. Previous experimental studies of spontaneous imbibition on chalk core plugs have shown that seawater may change the wettability in the direction of more waterwet conditions in chalk reservoirs. The wettability is a key parameter influencing multiphase flow in porous media, which is defined as the tendency for one fluid to spread on or adhere to a solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids craig, 1971. Predicting the rock wettability changes using solutions with different. Recent advances in nanoparticles enhanced oil recovery. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read petroleum reservoir rock and fluid properties. The results showed a clear correlation between streaming potential coupling coefficientzeta potential change, wetting state and calcium concentration expressed.
The rock manual vi ciria c683 acknowledgements editorial and publication teams partner this publication is the result of a joint research project of ciria uk research project 683 organisations update of the manual on the use of rock in hydraulic engineering, the cur nl research project c8 update rock manual, and the cetmef fr research project guide sur lutilisation des. Wettability alteration of sandstone by chemical treatments. A method of changing the wettability of a rock formation previously contacted with an oilbased mud obm comprising a nonpolar fluid, the method comprising. Wettability challenges in carbonate reservoirs onepetro. They take me back to a time when i was a teen in choir, marching band and learning to play guitar mind you i was not good at any of these things.
The goal of this work is to improve oil recovery during secondary waterflood by wettability alteration because of a surfactant addition. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from maria curiesklodowska university, lublin, poland. Also in this study, the obtained results showed that sio 2 nanofluid can change the wettability of carbonate rock. A test for the wettability of carbonate rocks onepetro. Currently, there is confusion concerning the optimum brine salinity for injection wells. Pdf factors affecting contactangle measurement of reservoir rocks. In waterwet conditions, a thin film of water coats the surface of the formation matrix, a condition that is desirable for efficient oil transport. He is the editor of more than 110 books dealing with adhesion. Engineering and manufacturing science and technology, general carbonates models production processes computer simulation computergenerated environments floods injection wells permeability porosity surface. When the reservoir rock is partially saturated with two immiscible fluid phases, the fluid pressure in each fluid phase is not identical. Changing sandstone rock wettability with supercritical co2.
Wettability is the tendency of one fluid to spread on, or adhere to, a solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids. A mathematical model for dynamic wettability alteration. The effect of the surfactant is studied by contact angle measurement, spontaneous. Mechanisms governing rockfluid wettability state include, acidbase interactions, polar interactions, ion binding, and asphaltene precipitation. Can you suggest some books and resources to understand the basics and advances in the wetting and dewetting of a substrate by a thin fluid film. Multiphase flow in porous media is very common in many fields, such as oil recovery from reservoirs, ground water flow, co 2 capture, and storage.
The preference of a solid to contact one liquid or gas, known as the wetting phase, rather than another. One possible explanation for this wettability alteration is that various ions in the water phase sulphate, calcium, magnesium, etc. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read petrophysics. Wettability of rock is, in essence, the preference of one fluid over another to. Highlights a mechanistic study on wettability alteration during surfactant flooding was presented. Gas wettability of reservoir rock surfaces with porous media. The presence of unstable water films can lead to oil migration to the rock surface like the behavior observed in figure 3b, thus, changing the rock surface wettability. Lsw flooding has been combined with other eor methods to develop new hybrid approaches to improve crudebrinerock cbr interactions with the objective of. Such effect is primarily due to the rock surface wettability changes owing to the ease of. Kashmiri lal mittal was employed by the ibm corporation from 1972 through 1993. Free shipping and returns on rock covers book at nordstrom.
Large change in the wetta bility of a surface, such as quartz, can be achieved by adsorption of a monolayer of polar molecules so that the outermost part of the surface is composed of hydrocarbon chains. Wettability alteration of carbonate oil reservoir surface. Pertaining to the adhesion of a liquid to the surface of a solid. Biosurfactant water flooding to mobilise residual oil in reservoirs is a new and developing prospect that can be used more often in future due to its environmentally friendly nature and economic advantages. As one of the premier rare book sites on the internet, alibris has thousands of rare books, first editions, and signed books available. Bk18 rocks and minerals smithsonian hand books by chris pellant this book combines 600 vivid color photos with descriptions of more than 500 specimens to highlight the chief characteristics of the rock or mineral and its distinquishing features. Investigating the effects of rock and fluid properties in. The wettability of a core will affect almost all types of core analyses, including capillary. A quantitative in situ characterization of the impact of surface roughness on wettability in porous media is currently lacking. Factors affecting contactangle measurement of reservoir rocks. The intermediate state between waterwet and oilwet can be caused by a. Changing the type of rock or fluid can change ift and, hence, the wettability of the system. The effect of wettability heterogeneity on relative. The results of this study give a new insight on the optimum salinity and provide better understanding of some wettability challenges in carbonate reservoirs.
Wettability of subsurface reservoir rocks is a key parameter that influences multiphase flow characteristics of the fluidrock system, including relative permeability, capillary pressure, saturation distribution, and displacement efficiency. Materials that can modify the wetting state of rock surfaces are called wettability modifiers. It is clear from investigations reported in the literature that gas production could be improved by altering the rock wettability from liquidwetness to gaswetness. First of all, there is the precision installation of rock to safeguard the integrity of subsea pipelines. Report by international journal of petroleum science and technology. To investigate such effects, various techniques have been implemented to change wettability, including nanoparticle injection, chemical treatment. This laboratory work is designed to study the effectiveness of three different preflush fluids and assess their ability in reducing interfacial tension ift to displace original reservoir fluids around the wellbore as well as changing the rock wettability to increase rock dissolution rate. We use reservoir condition micrometerresolution xray tomography combined with automated methods for the measurement of contact angle, interfacial curvature, and surface roughness to examine fluidfluid and fluidsolid interfaces inside a porous material. Many photographers, illustrators and art directors have become celebrities from their album artworksthe best examples of which will go down in history as permanent fixtures in popular culture. Crains petrophysical handbook wettability of porous rocks. We have developed a model describing wettability change in reservoir rock after primary drainage.
Effective fluid bulk modulus in the partially saturated. Designed for beginners and experienced collectors alike, the smithsonian handbook explains what. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. Cationic surfactant is more effective in changing the wettability of dolomite rock. Mahdi et al concluded that nanobiomaterials can change the wettability of shale rock from oilwet to waterwet by the use of nanoparticle and biomaterials, simultaneously. In this paper, three different fluorosurfactants fg1105, fc911, and fg40 were. Tertiary recovery is directly dependent on the alteration in wettability and interfacial tension ift, hence releasing the trapped oil from rock pore spaces. Gas wettability of reservoir rock surfaces with porous media compiles critical information on this complex topic, thus helping engineers more successfully face technical field challenges in oil and gas recovery. In a reservoir rock the liquid phase can be water or oil or gas, and the solid phase is the rock mineral assemblage.
Rockoilbrine interactions and the effects of core handling on wettability, author anderson, w g, abstractnote wettability is a major factor controlling the location, flow and distribution of fluids in a reservoir. Wettability alteration of any solid surface can be determined using spontaneous imbibition, contact angle measurements, zeta potential measurements, and. Wettability changes during oil production, paper spe. Pdf factors and mechanisms governing wettability alteration by. With an increasing oilwetting affinity of a reservoir rock, extraction of oil becomes more challenging. The wettability change e100 surfactant model is capable of modeling the changes in rock. Wettability change is dependent on phenomena at several length scales.
Therefore, in the petroleum industry, the term wettability alteration means changing the wettability of reservoir rock from oilwet to more waterwet 86. Checkerboard science library christine petersen on. Theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid. Buy wettability by john c berg editor online at alibris. In this section we will introduce some basics of reservoir engineering, which will be used further in our model section 4. The present invention relates to methods and compositions for changing the wettability of rock formations, and more particularly relates, in one nonlimiting embodiment, to methods and compositions for changing the wettability of rock formations in subterranean reservoirs using aqueous micellar solution, miniemulsions, nanoemulsions, emulsions. Rock surfaces are charged in water, and the electrostatic attraction between the polar portions of oil and the charged rock surface can cause oil to adhere to the rock surface. Wettability alteration of dolomite rock using nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery. What are some lifechanging books for people who have hit.
However, maintaining water wetness of formation rocks depends on the extent to which the water film on the rock surface is stable. Advances in contact angle, wettability and adhesion. Wettability alteration of carbonate rocks by surfactants. This is the basis for a number of enhanced recovery projects. This study was implemented on carbonate rocks with different analytical instruments. Wettability alteration by lsw has been identified as the dominant driving mechanism for the incremental oil recoveries. Album art is indelibly linked to our collective musical memories. Regardless of which of these mechanisms dictate the wettability state of the analyzed system, procedures presented in this report ensure optimum measurements for wateroilrock contact angles. Carbonate rocks tend to be oilwet, leading to lower oil relative permeability and lower oil recovery in the life of a waterflood, which is about 3 pore volume pv injection. Establish the new drilling fluid technology to protect low and extralowpermeability reservoirs and the trapezoid protection waterinjection technology for lowpermeability and extralowpermeability reservoirs via changing the wettability of rock surfaces of the reservoirs by using the established gas wettability theory of rock surfaces, and. Combining both theoretical and practical knowledge, this concise reference bridges basic concepts with factors affecting gas wettability, also covering polymertype gas wetting reversal. They were using electric guitars, wahwah pedals, loop music to create ostinato patterns, electric organs, synthesizers nobody even had any idea what that was at the time, but it was cool to throw it into a conversation, electromechanical polyphonic tape replay keyboards, fuzz box.
Treatments that change the wettability of the formation from waterwet to oilwet can significantly impair productivity. Emotional intelligence by daniel goleman, i think its an excellent book. Wettability is defined by the contact angle of the fluid with the solid phase. Different modifiers will have different properties and. Lowsalinity water lsw flooding has been applied in sandstone and carbonate formations to improve oil recovery. Wettability in complex porous materials, the mixedwet. Optimization of contact angle and interfacial tension. Wettability altering secondary oil recovery in carbonate. Simulation study of surfactant flooding process in an. Liquid condensation in the reservoir near a wellbore may kill gas production in gascondensate reservoirs when pressure drops lower than the dew point. Wettability is a function of the water and oil chemistry and rock surface properties. To investigate the nanofluids wetting inclinations, complex mixtures of the.
These are two books written and used to teach mba online courses at ibc academy. The oil must then be removed from the rock before the imbibition test. Hybrid eor methods utilizing lowsalinity water intechopen. Hi, i am pretty confident to say that ive read more than a hundred books just in the past 2 years and here are the top 5 that i would recommend anyone in that situation. Gas wettability of reservoir rock surfaces with porous. Thus, oil recovery efficiency depends on the wetting condition of the reservoir rock system. Surfactant flooding reservoir simulation slideshare. Method for changing the wettability of rock formations. Rockin rocks introduces readers to what rocks are and how they form.
Virnovsky, rfrogaland research this paper was prepared for presentation at the international symposium of the society of core analysts held in abu dhabi, uae, 59 october, 2004 abstract we have developed a model describing wettability change in reservoir rock after primary drainage. Simulation study of surfactant flooding process in an iranian fractured oil reservoir. In other words, results indicate the direct effect of nanofluid concentrations on the contact angle increasing of oil and changing in the surface wettability of the rock, which can be due to nanoparticles adsorption on the surface and change in surface energy and interaction between surface and nanoparticles. Wettability of subsurface reservoir rocks is a key parameter that influences multiphase flow characteristics of the fluid rock system, including relative permeability, capillary pressure, saturation distribution, and displacement efficiency. Wettability at the pore scale affects important multiphase properties such as capillary pressure, relative permeability, residual saturation and resistivity index. The wetting phase will tend to spread on the solid surface and a porous solid will tend to imbibe the wetting phase, in both cases displacing the nonwetting phase.
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